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  • Caribbean Trade & Development News Digest – July 21 – July 27, 2019

    Caribbean Trade & Development News Digest – July 21 – July 27, 2019

    Welcome to the Caribbean Trade & Development News Digest for the week of July 21-27, 2019! We are happy to bring you the major trade and development headlines and analysis from across the Caribbean Region and the world from the past week.

    Please note that there will be no digest for the week of July 28-August 3, 2019.

    HIGHLIGHTS

    The WTO General Council met on July 23-24, 2019. The summary of the meeting may be viewed here. The US resubmitted its proposals on reforming the current model of eligibility for special and differential treatment, while a consortium of developing countries tabled a paper on strengthening the WTO.

    US President Trump issued a memorandum to the USTR to secure reform of developing country status in the WTO. Have a read of my article on this here.

    It was announced this week that Prime Minister of Barbados, the Hon. Mia Amor Mottley will be the speaker at UNCTAD’s 16th Raul Prebisch Lecture to be held September 10, 2019 in Geneva, Switzerland.

    REGIONAL NEWS

    June 2020 Target For Wto Is ‘Aspirational’

    Tribune 242: Elsworth Johnson, newly-appointed minister of financial services, trade and industry and Immigration, told Tribune Business he had been advised even the World Trade Organisation (WTO) itself felt the accession timeline set by The Bahamas was “extremely rigid”. Read more

    Guyanese manufacturers say Plantation white sugar unacceptable; reject call for 40% tax on refined sugar

    Demerara Waves: The Guyana Manufacturing and Services Association Limited (GMSA) on Monday rejected calls by a Belizean producer of Plantation white, or mill white, sugar to impose a Caribbean-wide 40 percent tax on extra-regionally refined sugar, saying that Plantation white sugar will result in poor quality products and in some cases injury to consumers. Read more

    CARICOM Secretariat Team carries out CSME Sensitisation in Jamaica

    CARICOM: A CARICOM Secretariat team is in Jamaica this week collaborating with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (MFAFT) on a series of CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) engagements with the private and public sectors, labour and other stakeholders. Read more

    Forex, FDI, trade in ‘freefall’

    Barbados Today: Caribbean capacity to generate foreign exchange, investment and exports appears be to freefall, a senior official of the United Nations regional economic watchdog has suggested. Read more

    Surinamese business delegation to visit Russia – Lavrov

    TASS: Russia and Suriname will prepare a visit of a delegation of Surinamese businessmen and government officials to Russia, Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said on Saturday after talks with Foreign Minister of Suriname Yldiz Deborah Pollack-Beighle. Read more

    INTERNATIONAL NEWS

    UK on course for no-deal Brexit as Johnson rejects EU agreement

    The Guardian: Boris Johnson has set the UK on an apparent course towards a no-deal Brexit by playing down the likelihood of any talks with the EU unless Brussels agrees to scrap the existing withdrawal agreement and Irish backstop, both of which it has ruled out. Read more

    Assuming EU will not budge, Britain ramps up preparations for no-deal Brexit

    Reuters: The British government is working on the assumption that the European Union will not renegotiate its Brexit deal and is ramping up preparations to leave the bloc on Oct. 31 without an agreement, senior ministers said on Sunday. Read more

    Johnson ready to talk if EU changes position on Brexit deal

    RTE: British Prime Minister Boris Johnson has told EU leaders he will sit down for Brexit talks when they indicate that they are ready to shift position, otherwise Britain will prepare for leaving without an agreement, his spokeswoman has said. Read more

    Fed Survey Finds Widespread Concerns Over Trade

    Jamaica Gleaner: The United States Federal Reserve’s latest nationwide survey, released on Wednesday, reveals that despite growing worries about the impact of President Donald Trump’s trade battles, the overall economy remained solid. Read more

    India’s proposal for Wto reforms supported by a large majority of countries

    Livemint: A large majority of countries on Wednesday endorsed a joint proposal by India, South Africa, and seven other countries for reforming the World Trade Organization, in the face of existential threats to the survival of multilateral trading system, say trade envoys. Read more

    Canada and Europe make deal to work around blocked World Trade Organization

    CBC Canada: Canada and the European Union have agreed on a plan to set up a substitute appeals body for trade disputes between them, they announced Thursday. Read more

    ICC welcomes EU and Canada’s decision to arbitrate WTO trade disputes

    ICC: The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) welcomes the European Union (EU) and Canada’s announcement to utilize international arbitration panels to resolve trade disputes under World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. Read more

    Africa must boost industrial capacity to benefit from free-trade zone: AfDB

    Reuters: African nations will need to boost output of goods and services and integrate payment systems if they are to take advantage of a new $3.4 trillion economic initiative, according to the head of the African Development Bank. Read more

    WTO NEWS

    NEW ON CTLD BLOG

    The Caribbean Trade & Development Digest is a weekly trade news digest produced and published by the Caribbean Trade Law & Development Blog. Liked this issue? To read past issues, please visit here. To receive these mailings directly to your inbox, please subscribe to our Blog below:

  • US gets tough on reforming developing country status in WTO

    US gets tough on reforming developing country status in WTO

    On July 26, 2019, United States (US) President Donald Trump signed a memorandum on reforming developing country status in the World Trade Organization (WTO). This memorandum mandates the United States Trade Representative (USTR) to secure changes to the current method of WTO members’ eligibility for special and differential treatment (S&DT) in the WTO. Failing this, it outlines specific steps the USTR should take.

    Background

    Special and differential treatment (S&DT) is a bedrock of the rules-based multilateral trading system and grants certain flexibilities to developing countries and Least Developed Countries (LDCs) under the WTO’s agreements. These include, for example, longer time periods for implementing Agreements and commitments; measures to increase trading opportunities for developing countries; and provisions requiring all WTO members to safeguard the trade interests of developing countries. Least developed countries (LDCs), a special sub-category of developing country, also benefit from further flexibilities.

    Eligibility for S&DT in the WTO is currently premised on a country’s self-designation as a ‘developing country’ and at present, at least two-thirds of the WTO’s membership of 164 self-designates as ‘developing’. Unlike with LDCs which are based on the United Nations’ criteria and list, there is no criteria guiding designation as a ‘developing country’ in the WTO.

    In recent times, the issue of eligibility of certain WTO Members for S&DT has become increasingly contentious. Thus far, the European Union, Canada, the US and Norway have tabled proposals, which to varying degrees, call for a rethinking or reforming of the current eligibility model for S&DT in the WTO. Developing countries, on the other hand, argue for a retention of the eligibility status quo, while noting that the focus should be on the Doha mandate of ensuring effectiveness of S&DT.

    Earlier this year, the US took the call for reform a step further by not only tabling a lengthy paper in which it argued that self-designation risks condemning the WTO to institutional irrelevance, but followed this up with a draft General Council decision in which it proposed four exclusionary criteria which would, if implemented, exclude a large number of developing countries from eligibility from S&DT in current and future WTO negotiations.

    The US’ resubmission of these two documents during the WTO General Council‘s meeting last week and the Memorandum signed by President Trump reiterate that the US is not taking this issue lightly and is prepared to take any steps necessary to bring the WTO to heel in this matter.

    What does the Memorandum Entail?

    Inter alia, the Memorandum states that “while some developing-country designations are proper, many are patently unsupportable in light of current economic circumstances. ” It lists several countries which self-designate as ‘developing countries’ in the WTO, while being members of the G20 and/or the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and/or are among the 10 wealthiest economies in the world as measured by GDP per capita. It dedicates several paragraphs to signalling out China as an example of a country which the US argues inappropriately self-designates as a ‘developing country’.

    It goes on to note that “When the wealthiest economies claim developing-country status, they harm not only other developed economies but also economies that truly require special and differential treatment. ” It further states that “such disregard for adherence to WTO rules, including the likely disregard of any future rules, cannot continue to go unchecked. ” Moreover, it states “with respect to the WTO, there is no hope of progress in resolving this challenge until the world’s most advanced economies are prepared to take on the full commitments associated with WTO membership. “

    The Memorandum directs the United States Trade Representative (USTR) to, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, use all available means to secure changes at the WTO that would prevent self-declared developing countries from availing themselves of flexibilities in WTO rules and negotiations that are not justified by appropriate economic and other indicators.  

    The Memorandum further mandates the USTR to, where appropriate and consistent with law, pursue this action in cooperation with other like-minded WTO Members. It also directs the USTR to update the President on his progress within 60 days of the date of the memorandum.

    But here comes the interesting part. If, within 90 days of the date of this memorandum, the USTR determines that substantial progress has not been made toward achieving those changes at the WTO, the USTR is to no longer treat as a developing country for the purposes of the WTO any WTO Member that in the USTR’s judgment is improperly declaring itself a developing country and inappropriately seeking the benefit of flexibilities in WTO rules and negotiations; and where applicable, not support any such country’s application for membership of the OECD.

    The Memorandum further mandates what appears to be a ‘name and shame’ exercise by directing the USTR to publish on its website a list of all self-declared developing countries that the USTR believes are inappropriately seeking the benefit of developing-country flexibilities in WTO rules and negotiations.

    What potential implications for the Caribbean?

    Currently all CARICOM Member States are WTO Members, with the exception of The Bahamas which is currently in accession, and all self-designate as developing countries. It is no secret that the US’ main targets are larger emerging economies which continue to self-designate as developing countries.

    However, while Caribbean countries do not appear to be among the countries specifically targeted by the US, some Caribbean countries could still inadvertently be caught up in the large fishing net the US proposes to catch the big fish it has in its sight.

    For instance, one of the proposed criteria for exclusion for S&DT under the draft General Council decision advanced by the US is classification by the World Bank as a “high income” economy. If implemented, this criterion would deny five Caribbean countries: Antigua & Barbuda, The Bahamas (currently in accession to WTO), Barbados, St. Kitts & Nevis and Trinidad & Tobago from eligibility for S&DT in current and future WTO negotiations. While these countries are classified as ‘high income’ economies for World Bank lending purposes, GDP per capita does not tell the whole development picture. It does not, for example, take into account income inequalities, indebtedness or these countries’ vulnerabilities to financial or weather-related shocks.

    The US has shown that it is committed to reforming the current model of eligibility for S&DT in the WTO to ensure that countries which it feels should not be eligible no longer have this right. As such, Caribbean small vulnerable economies should only monitor these developments closely, but advance their own positions on this issue to ensure their voices are heard in the reform process.

    Firstly, it would be useful to ascertain to what extent are Caribbean countries utilising the current flexibilities under the WTO agreements. Secondly, do Caribbean countries agree that there is need for reform of the eligibility model currently utilised by the WTO? If so, what do we propose? Do we support an objective criteria approach as that being advanced by the US, or should we use this opportunity to reopen the call for an SVE sub-category, or is there something else we could propose which ensures that the most vulnerable economies remain eligible for S&DT. These are issues on which the region cannot afford to be silent.

    The full Memorandum may be accessed here.

    Alicia Nicholls, B.Sc., M.Sc., LL.B., is an international trade and development consultant with a keen interest in sustainable development, international law and trade. You can also read more of her commentaries and follow her on Twitter @LicyLaw.

    DISCLAIMER: All views expressed herein are her personal views and do not necessarily reflect the views of any institution or entity with which she may be affiliated from time to time.

  • Caribbean Trade & Development News Digest – July 14-20, 2019

    Caribbean Trade & Development News Digest – July 14-20, 2019

    Welcome to the Caribbean Trade & Development News Digest for the week of July 14-20, 2019! We are happy to bring you the major trade and development headlines and analysis from across the Caribbean Region and the world from the past week. We apologise for the delay in this week’s edition.

    REGIONAL NEWS

    Action Plan in Place for CSME

    CARICOM: It will be full steam ahead for implementing policies related to the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME), but with some revised timelines. Read more

    U.S commits to increasing trade, investment in Guyana

    St Lucia News Online: US Ambassador Lynch assured that the US will continue to partner with Guyana in not only oil production but other sectors in the country’s development. Read more

    Barbados restructuring Customs Dep’t

    Barbados Today: Making the disclosure yesterday, Minister in the Ministry of Finance Ryan Straughn said the new management structure was part of the process of rebuilding and strengthening the Government agency, which had for several years been led by an acting comptroller of customs and had seen prolonged disruption in its operation during the former Democratic Labour Party (DLP) administration. Read more

    Argentina and IICA to assist Barbados in Apiculture

    Caribbean News Now: On July 15th, the Embassy of Argentina and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation in Agriculture (IICA), launched in Bridgetown an innovative triangular cooperation project aimed at assisting local beekeepers and other stakeholders of the honey production sector. Read more

    Cocoa Research Centre: Leads the way among world’s genebanks

    Newsday: The Cocoa Research Centre has been around since 1930, as part of the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, the precursor to the modern-day University of the West Indies, St Augustine campus. Read more

    Grenada PM lauds joint UWI – regional rum industry initiative

    Caribbean News Now: Prime Minister of Grenada Dr. Keith Mitchell has lauded the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between The University of the West Indies Open Campus and the regional rum industry grouping – the West Indies Rum & Spirits Producers Association (WIRSPA). Read more

    Licences approved as St Vincent’s Cannabis industry opens

    LoopTT: Over 30 licences have been approved by the Medicinal Cannabis Authority (MCA) for the cultivation, development and export of medicinal marijuana products. Read more

    INTERNATIONAL NEWS

    South American bloc eyes fast-track for EU trade deal

    Reuters: Leaders from countries in South America’s Mercosur trade bloc met on Wednesday in Argentina, with plans as to how to push forward a recently struck free-trade deal with the European Union at the center of discussions. Read more

    Just 7% of Canadian exporters familiar with CETA as Trudeau pushes trade diversity: survey

    Global News: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau urged European partners this week to finalize Canada’s trade deal with the EU, a push that came with his government facing a tough sales job at home: getting domestic firms to use it. Read more

    Japanese official says negotiators working hard on U.S.-Japan trade deal

    Reuters: U.S. and Japanese officials are working hard to reach agreement on a bilateral trade agreement, a senior Japanese official told Reuters on Wednesday, adding he was looking forward to news on the deal in the near future. Read more

    Intra-African free trade deal success hinges on implementation and speed of execution

    Business Day: The recently signed African Continental Free Trade Area agreement (AfCFTA), which came into force on May 30, represents a unique opportunity to grow intra-Africa trade and diversify trade exports with the rest of the world. Read more

    Papua asks for govt help in bolstering trade network with Pacific nations

    Jakarta Post: The Papua administration has requested that the central government assist it in bolstering the trade network with neighboring countries in the Pacific, as the province seeks to promote itself as a regional trading hub. Read more

    Chinese Buyers Seek Tariff Exemptions for U.S. Farm Goods

    Bloomberg: Some Chinese companies are applying for tariff exemptions as they make inquiries about buying U.S. agricultural products, more than a week after President Donald Trump complained that China hasn’t increased its purchases of American farm products. Read more

    China, US said to be wrangling over text before trade talks can resume

    South China Morning Post: China and the United States remain divided over which negotiating text to base their revived trade talks on, with Washington demanding a longer document be used that lists earlier promises made by Beijing, according to observers. Read more

    Boris Johnson’s no-deal Brexit threat risks being ignored by the EU

    Guardian: Boris Johnson’s suggestion he could use the threat of no deal to win an improved Brexit deal for the UK risks falling on deaf ears in Brussels, the EU’s top negotiator has suggested. Read more

    South Korea trade ministry to raise Japan export curbs at WTO general council meeting

    Reuters: South Korea’s trade ministry said on Sunday it plans to raise the “unfairness” of Japan’s export curbs at the World Trade Organization’s general council meeting on July 23 to 24. Read more

    WTO opens way for Chinese sanctions against U.S. tariffs in Obama-era dispute

    Reuters: The United States did not fully comply with a World Trade Organization ruling and could face Chinese sanctions if it does not remove certain tariffs that break WTO rules, the WTO’s appeals judges said in a ruling on Tuesday. Read more

    WTO: Struggling to stay relevant

    Business Line: The World Trade Organization (WTO) is facing an unprecedented existential crisis. The challenges to WTO are coming from various quarters but the biggest threat is from one of its former proponents — the US. Read more

    WTO NEWS

    NEW ON CTLD BLOG

    The Caribbean Trade & Development Digest is a weekly trade news digest produced and published by the Caribbean Trade Law & Development Blog. Liked this issue? To read past issues, please visit here. To receive these mailings directly to your inbox, please subscribe to our Blog below:

  • Caribbean Trade & Development News Digest – July 7 – 13, 2019

    Caribbean Trade & Development News Digest – July 7 – 13, 2019

    Welcome to the Caribbean Trade & Development News Digest for the week of July 7-13, 2019! We are happy to bring you the major trade and development headlines and analysis from across the Caribbean Region and the world from the past week.

    THIS WEEK’S HIGHLIGHTS

    In this week’s headlines, fifteen countries in the West African regional bloc ECOWAS have agreed to adopt a single currency called the ECO next year. Regionally, Jamaica aims to deepen its trade and other bilateral relations with the Cayman Islands, while Barbados has its eye on investment opportunities in Guyana.

    REGIONAL NEWS

    Jamaica – Cayman Islands to strengthen trade, bilateral relations

    Caribbean News Now: Jamaica is moving to improve trade relations with the Cayman Islands, prime minister Andrew Holness said speaking to the Jamaican diaspora in the Cayman. Read more

    WTO ‘devastating’ for farmers and fisheries

    Tribune 242: Becoming a full World Trade Organisation (WTO) member will be “devastating” for Bahamian farmers because they are “not prepared” for the competitive demands of liberalised trade regimes. Caron Shepherd, president of the Farmers United Cooperative, told Tribune Business. Read more

    Barbados seeking to encourage investments in Guyana

    Jamaica Observer: The Barbados Government is seeking to lure local investors to invest in Guyana, which is the world’s second-largest stock market, NASDAQ last month named as the fastest growing economy in the world. Read more

    Investment potential in Guyana

    Barbados Today: Investment opportunities in Guyana worth millions of dollars appear to have captured the attention of dozens of workers and entrepreneurs eager to tap into its growing market. Read more

    Antigua PM Reports Positive Talks On Ownership In Scotiabank Country Branch

    Jamaica Gleaner: The Antigua & Barbuda government is reporting positive feedback to a proposal that would allow it to own at least 40 per cent of the local Scotiabank operation, under a regional transaction in which the Canadian owner is offloading some of its Caribbean assets to Republic Financial Holdings Limited. Read more

    Antigua – Barbuda and the Dominican Republic forge closer relations: Embassy to break ground soon

    Caribbean News Now: Prime Minister Gaston Browne fulfilled a promise made three years ago to the president of the Dominican Republic to transfer one acre of land for the construction of an embassy and residences for the Dominican Republic in St John’s, presented the land certificate to foreign affairs minister of the Dominican Republic, Chancellor Miguel Vargas who paid an official visit to Antigua and Barbuda over the weekend. Read more

    Statistical Capacity-Building Underway in CARICOM Member States

    CARICOM: The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) has embarked on a series of exercises across the Region as it steps up its efforts to build capacity in statistics. The Community is working towards providing robust, quality statistics to inform and advance its development thrust. Read more

    Caribbean Countries to Benefit from Access to Insurance for the Fisheries Sector

    OECS: CCRIF SPC and the World Bank are pleased to announce that on July 1, the Facility issued the Caribbean Oceans and Aquaculture Sustainability FaciliTy (COAST) fisheries parametric insurance policy to two of its member governments – Grenada and Saint Lucia. Read more

    INTERNATIONAL NEWS

    ECOWAS West African nations to adopt unified ‘eco’ currency

    IOL: The Economic Community of West African States announced at the end of its summit in Abuja, Nigeria, that it would be adopting the ECO as its shared currency by 2020. Read more

    France passes tax on tech giants despite US threats

    BBC: France has approved a digital services tax despite threats of retaliation by the US, which argues that it unfairly targets American tech giants. The 3% tax will be levied on sales generated in France by multinational firms like Google and Facebook. Read more

    Trump-China Trade Tensions Hit Panama Canal Revenues

    Bloomberg: Cargo from the U.S. to China going through the key waterway has slumped this year as the Asian giant cuts its imports of American food and fuel, according to Panama Canal Authority CEO Jorge Luis Quijano. Read more

    Beijing to impose sanctions on US firms involved in US$2.2 billion Taiwan arms deal

    South China Morning Post: Beijing said on Friday it will issue sanctions against the US companies involved in the latest arms sale to Taiwan, as tensions between China and the United States continue to rise. Read more

    US tells Britain: Fall into line over China and Huawei, or no trade deal

    Telegraph: Donald Trump’s negotiators have signalled that the next prime minister’s hopes of a post-Brexit trade deal with the United States rest on his willingness to fall in line with tough American policies against the Chinese telecoms giant Huawei. Read more

    EU-Mercosur trade agreement: The Agreement in Principle and its texts

    EU: In view of the Commission’s transparency policy, the Commission is publishing the texts of the Trade Part of the Agreement following the agreement in principle announced on 28 June 2019. Read more

    Nigeria signs Africa free trade agreement: statement

    Reuters: Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari has signed up to the $3 trillion Africa free trade agreement, a spokesman confirmed on Sunday. Read more

    African Leaders Launch First Continental Trade Agreement

    VoA: Leaders discussed “operational” parts of the agreement at a recent gathering of the African Union in Niger. The deal had been under discussion since 2002 and a general agreement to form the trade area was reached in March. Read more

    Canada posts rare trade surplus as exports to U.S. hit record high

    Financial Post: Canada’s trade balance unexpectedly swung into surplus for the first time in 10 months on a broad-based jump in exports, adding to evidence the economy has returned to a more solid footing. Read more

    Germany Sees 50% Chance for EU-U.S. Trade Deal, Possibly in 2019

    Bloomberg: German Economy Minister Peter Altmaier sees a 50% chance of the European Union striking a trade agreement on industrial goods with the U.S., possibly this year. Read more

    A Deeper Look at Vietnam’s Trade Deal With Europe

    The Diplomat: The EU’s drive to become the defender of multilateralism promises further opportunities for Southeast Asia. Read more

    What is GATT 24: What is the WTO clause at the centre of Andrew Neil’s grilling of Boris Johnson

    Independent: Boris Johnson was taken to task by the BBC’s Andrew Neil over his knowledge of GA​TT 24 – the clause in WTO rules he believes could allow the UK to continue to trade freely with the EU in a no deal scenario. Read more

    Australia steps up sugar trade fight with India, moves WTO

    Hindu Business Line: Australia has intensified its sugar related dispute with India by formally asking World Trade Organisation (WTO) to set up a panel to probe if the world’s second-largest sugar producer was breaching its obligations, a media report said Friday. Read more

    Japan denies imposing South Korean trade embargo at WTO

    Reuters: Japan denied imposing a trade embargo on South Korea on Tuesday, after a complicated diplomatic dispute that could disrupt global supplies of chips and smartphones erupted over forced labor in World War Two and banned trade with North Korea. Read more

    Global trade: Making a start for WTO reforms

    Financial Express: Members desirous of preventing disruption of the appellate process in WTO disputes would enter into a plurilateral accord providing for appeal arbitration. Read more

    Boris Johnson’s Brexit plan for businesses dismissed by head of WTO

    Independent: The head of the World Trade Organisation has blown a hole in Boris Johnson’s Brexit plans as Conservative members vote on whether he should become party leader and prime minister. Read more

    Brazil escalates WTO dispute over India sugar subsidies that distort global sugar markets

    Business Today: The Brazilian government said on Thursday it had asked the World Trade Organization to establish a panel aimed at resolving its dispute over Indian sugar subsidies, according to a joint statement by the foreign and agriculture ministries. Read more

    India involved in 14 disputes at WTO currently, says Piyush Goyal

    Business Standard: At present, India is involved in 14 WTO disputes, all of which are being handled by domestic law firms. Read more

    USTR Announces Fiscal Year 2020 WTO Tariff-Rate Quota Allocations for Raw Cane Sugar, Refined and Specialty Sugar and Sugar-Containing Products

    USTR: The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative today announced the country-specific and first-come, first-served in-quota allocations under the tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) on imported raw cane sugar, refined and specialty sugar and sugar-containing products for Fiscal Year (FY) 2020 (October 1, 2019 through September 30, 2020). Read more

    USTR Announces Initiation of Section 301 Investigation into France’s Digital Services Tax

    USTR: On July 10, 2019, the United States Trade Representative (USTR) initiated an investigation under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 of the Digital Services Tax (DST) of the Government of France. Read more

    WTO NEWS

    NEW ON CTLD BLOG

    The Caribbean Trade & Development Digest is a weekly trade news digest produced and published by the Caribbean Trade Law & Development Blog. Liked this issue? To read past issues, please visit here. To receive these mailings directly to your inbox, please subscribe to our Blog below: